1816:
THE YEAR WITHOUT A SUMMER
1816: THE YEAR WITHOUT A SUMMER
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Winterlandschaft J H van Loon. CC PUBLIC DOMAIN MARK 1.0.
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Caldera, Mt Tambora, Sumbawa Indonesia. CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported Jialiang Gao
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1815 Tambora Explosion. Red Areas Show Ash Thickness. CC BY-SA 3.0 UNPORTED
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Flint Castle by Joseph Mallord William Turner PUBLIC DOMAIN AUTHOR+100
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1816 Summer Temperature Anomaly. CC BY-SA 3.0 UNPORTED Giorgiogp2
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Paris Herself Again IABI 1879. PUBLIC DOMAIN Pre-1927/AUTHOR+100
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Hempstead Heath. John Contstable 1816. CC0 1.0 UNIVERSAL PUBLIC DOMAIN DEDICATION
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Two Men By The Sea Caspar David Friedrich. PUBLIC DOMAIN AUTHOR+100
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Handley Cross; or, Mr. Jorrock’s Hunt (1892) IABI PUBLIC DOMAIN Pre-1927
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Boy Life on the prairie (1899) IABI PUBLIC DOMAIN Pre-1927
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Velocipedes. PUBLIC DOMAIN PRE-1928 AUTHOR+70
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Mount Tambora Volcano Caldera, 7.28.2020. CC 2.0 GENERIC Pierre Markuse
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Shipping Containers, Port Elizabeth New Jersey NOAA. PUBLIC DOMAIN WFG NOAA
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Mount Tambora Volcano, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. PUBLIC DOMAIN NASA ISS
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Vampyre title page 1819. PUBLIC DOMAIN Pre-1928/AUTHOR+70
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Darkness Lord Byron 1816. PUBLIC DOMAIN Pre-1928/AUTHOR+100
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Frankenstein 1818 Edition. PUBLIC DOMAIN Pre-1928/AUTHOR+100
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X 1 View of Indonesia ISS Expedition 59. PUBLIC DOMAIN NASA ISS
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Eruption of Tomboro in 1821.jpeg
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UNKNOWN AUTHOR Uber Land und Meer. Allgemeine Illustrite Zeitung, September 1868
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Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley by Rothwell c. 1840
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Percy Bysshe Shelley by Alfred Clint (D. 1883).jpg
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BYRON 1813 by Phillips.jpg
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SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING:
“1816: The Year Without a Summer” New England Historical Society. Updated 2022. Accessed24 April 2023.
https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/1816-year-without-a-summer/
Rice, Doyle. “200 years ago, we endured a ‘year without a summer’ USA TODAY 26 May 2016 Updated 9 June 2016. Accessed 5 November 2021. https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2016/05/26/year-without-a-summer-1816-mount-tambora/84855694/
“The Year Without a Summer: Mount Tambora Volcanic Eruption” Almanac.com Updated 18 January 2022. Accessed 25 April 2023. https://www.almanac.com/year-without-summer-mount-tambora-volcanic-eruption
McLeod, Jaime “1816: The Year Without a Summer”. Farmers Almanac. Updated 11 April 2023. Accessed 24 April 2023. https://www.farmersalmanac.com/the-year-without-a-summer-10880
Strickland, Ashley. “Why a volcanic eruption caused a ‘year without a summer’ in 1816”. CNN. 17 Sept 2019. Accessed 24 April 2023. https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/17/world/tambora-eruption-year-without-summer-scn/index.html
Evans, Robert “Blast From The Past”. Smithsonian July 2002. Accessed 24 April 2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/blast-from-the-past-65102374/
Ritchie, Ian. “How the year without a summer gave us dark masterpieces”. The Guardian 16 June 2016. Accessed 25 April 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jun/16/1816-year-without-summer-dark-masterpieces-beethoven-schubert-shelley
Mersereau, Dennis ‘15 Amazing Facts About “The Year Without A Summer”’. Mental Floss 15 Jan 2016. Accessed 25 April 2023. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/73585/15-facts-about-year-without-summer
Andrews, Evan “What Was The ‘Year Without a Summer’? HISTORY.com. 19 August 2015 Updated 23 August 2018. Accessed 25 April 2023. https://www.history.com/news/what-was-the-year-without-a-summer
World Population by Year. WorldOMeter. Accessed 24 April 2023. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/world-population-by-year/
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