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IMAGES USED (PUBLIC DOMAIN UNLESS NOTED)

NATL WEATHER SERVICE MAP:  https://www.weather.gov/grb/peshtigofire

Peshtigo Map CCA SA 3.0 U BUMM13  https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WIMap-doton-Peshtigo.png

View of Peshtigo River CC0 1.0 UPDD Yinan Chen (goodfreephotos.com). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gfp-wisconsin-scenic-view-of-the-peshtigo-river.jpg

Birds eye view of Peshtigo 1871. PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bird%27s_eye_view_of_Peshtigo,_Wisconsin_Sept._1871._LOC_93681235.jpg

Peshtigo Harbor 1871. PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peshtigo_Harbor,_Wisconsin,_1871.jpg

Peshtigo dock on Green Bay 1867. PD https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peshtigo_Cor._dock_on_Green_Bay,_by_Carbutt,_John,_1832-1905.jpg

Peshtigo Saw Mills. PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_excursion_party_at_Peshtigo_saw_mills,_Wis,_by_Carbutt,_John,_1832-1905.jpg

Yosemite Lumber Co. PDhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yosemite_Lumber_Company_Mill_Sharpeners.jpg

Mill Dam and Sash Factory Peshtigo. PD  https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mill_dam_and_sash_factory,_Peshtigo,_Wis,_by_Carbutt,_John,_1832-1905.png

Shingle mill crew Saginaw. PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shingle_mill_crew_and_bundles_of_shingles,_Saginaw_Timber_Company,_ca_1923_(KINSEY_517).jpeg

Corduroy Road CCA SA 4.0 Dmi2002. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2020-08-23_13-49-30_переход_Малая_Ласьва.jpg

Wisconsin lumberjacks PD https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wisconsin_Lumberjacks.jpg

Chicago & North Western Logging Oconto WI  PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chicago_%26_North_Western_Logging_Oconto,_WI.jpg

Photograph of an Efficient Ozark Sawmill NARA  PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photograph_of_an_Efficient_Ozark_Sawmill_in_Operation_-_NARA_-_2127979.tif

Bulletin Pennsylvania Dept of Forests and Waters. PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bulletin_(Pennsylvania_Department_of_Forests_and_Waters),_no._33-35_(1923)_(20312897670).jpg

Men working bucket brigade PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Men_working_a_bucket_brigade_along_the_Niukluk_River_to_put_out_a_fire,_Council,_Alaska,_circa_1907_(AL%2BCA_101).jpg

Seney Refuge. CCA SA 2.0 G. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seney_National_Wildlife_Refuge_(7263313368).jpg

Thunderstorm. CCA SA 3.0 U https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thunderstorm_(136271563).jpeg

Getting water for fire hoses PD https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Getting_water_for_fire_hoses_from_the_river_(I0002358).tif

IMG 0492 helix84 CCA SA 3.0U 2.5G. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IMG_0492_-_a_tree_at_night,_experiment.jpg

FS Sierra KG CCA 2.0G. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20180726_FS_Sierra_KG_0883.jpg

Firewhirl. Jackson Canyon NOAA CCA 2.0G + PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wea03329_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg

FS Sierra CCA 2.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20180722_FS_Sierra_KG_1081.jpg

Huron-Manistee CCA 2.0G. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fire_in_Huron-Manistee_National_Forest.jpg

Peshtigo Fire PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Peshtigo_Fire_showing_people_seeking_refuge_in_the_Peshtigo_River.jpg

Bulletin. PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bulletin_(Pennsylvania_Department_of_Forests_and_Waters),_no._35_(1923)_(20507334501).jpg

Deerfire  PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deerfire_high_res.jpg

Peshtigo fire 10-8-1871. PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illustration_-_Peshtigo_Fire_in_WI,_10-8-1871_(22139919004).jpg

Peter Pernin  PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Pernin,_Detroit.jpg

Pernin Book. PD https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Title_page_of_Pernin,_The_Finger_of_God_is_there!.jpg

Whitewater Baldy Fire. CCA SA 2.0G. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Whitewater_baldy_night_fire_2012-06-06.jpg

Peshtigo Fire Museum Mural  CCA SA 2.5G. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PeshtigoFireMuseumMural.jpg

Peshtigo Fire surviving lumber. CCA SA 2.5G. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PeshtigoFireSurvivingLumber.jpg

Bulletin 19878286204. PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bulletin_(Pennsylvania_Department_of_Forests_and_Waters),_no._35_(1923)_(19878286204).jpg

Peshtigo Fire Cemetery Marker CCA SA 2.5G. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peshtigo_Fire_Cemetery_(Wisconsin_Official_Marker)_erected_in_1951_by_the_people_of_Peshtigo_-_(cropped).jpg

Peshtigo Fire Cemetery Mass Grave CCA SA 2.5G.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PeshtigoFireCemeteryMassGrave2.jpg

Lick Fire Umatilla PD. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lick_Fire_on_the_Umatilla_National_Forest_burning_at_night.jpg

Chicago in Flames Currier & Ives 1871. PD PRE 1928/AUTHOR+70<   https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chicago_in_Flames_by_Currier_%26_Ives,_1871_(cropped).jpg

POSTCARD CHICAGO FIRE AFTERMATH 1871  JL LE BEAU  PD ©1912 EXPIRED PRE 1928. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Postcard_Chicago_1871_Fire_Aftermath_(Front).png

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING SUGGESTIONS  

Blakemore, Erin “How the 1871 Peshtigo Fire Became America’s Deadliest Wildfire”  HISTORY Updated 10 AUGUST 2023. ACCESSED 11 Oct 2023. https://www.history.com/news/peshtigo-fire-america-deadliest-wildfire#

Wisconsin Magazine of History via Wisconsin Historical Society :  Vol 11, Number 1, Sept 1927. P 96 - 106

 https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/wmh/id/6167

Wisconsin Magazine of History via Wisconsin Historical Society :  Vol 54, Number 4, Summer 1971. P 245 - 272

 https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/wmh/id/46359?_ga=2.246959620.1827790878.1704561256-736255125.1704561256&_gl=1*1c76gyp*_ga*NzM2MjU1MTI1LjE3MDQ1NjEyNTY.*_ga_P0FPW5K6K8*MTcwNDU2MTI1NS4xLjEuMTcwNDU2MTQ3OS4zNy4wLjA.*_ga_S01FT3GN51*MTcwNDU2MTI1NS4xLjEuMTcwNDU2MTQ1Ni4wLjAuMA..*_ga_4WLK135N6G*MTcwNDU2MTI1NS4xLjEuMTcwNDU2MTQ1Ni4wLjAuMA..

Pernin, Reverend Peter. “The Great Peshtigo Fire: An Eyewitness Account” From the Wisconsin Magazine of History 1971. ACCESSED 11 Oct 2023. https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/WIReader/WER2002-0.html

Loroff, Rebecca “In a summer of historic wildfires, the Peshtigo Fire remains deadliest in U.S. history” Green Bay Press Gazette 14 Aug 2023. ACCESSED 11 Oct 2023. https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/2023/08/14/in-a-summer-of-historic-wildfires-the-peshtigo-fire-remains-deadliest/70587715007/

Estep, Kim “The Peshtigo Fire”  National Weather Service Reprint. ACCESSED 11 Oct 2023. https://www.weather.gov/grb/peshtigofire

Peshtigo Fire Museum. Accessed 11 Oct 2023.  http://www.peshtigofiremuseum.com/

Hultquist, Tom “The Great Midwest Wildfires of 1871” National Weather Service ACCESSED 26 DEC 2023. https://www.weather.gov/grb/peshtigofire2 

Peshtigo Fire. Wisconsin Historical Society. ACCESSED 8 JAN 2024. https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS1750

Dorman, Jon “Peshtigo Fire: The deadliest wildfire in U.S. History”. FIRERESCUE 1. 1 August 2022. ACCESSED 8 Jan 2023. https://www.firerescue1.com/firefighting-history/articles/peshtigo-fire-the-deadliest-wildfire-in-us-history-Xe6TtkZVNuTix48C/

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